Objectives:

  1. Declare and manipulate structures.
  2. Write some function to operate on strings.
  3. Get familiar with some string methods
  4. Operate and raw C++ vectors.

Structure Student

Your task is to write a structure Student which has the following attributes:

  • First name
  • last name
  • Grade
  • Age

Write a simple program that declare this structure and read a four entires that corresponds to the student attributes and print those data.

For example, if the input is :

23
Adam
Hacker
20

The output will be:

23 Adam Hacker 10

Strings:

Add Commas

Write a simple function addCommas that accepts a string representing an integer. This function should add commas for each three digits starting from the right.

For example

addCommas(12345678)  ====> 12,345,678

Cesar Chyper

Write a program (with the mane function) which implement the Cesar code with a given cypher. Your program should ask the user for a message and a key ( the key represents translation) and then prints the encoded message.

Examples

Your message? Attack zerg at dawn
Encoding key? 3
DWWDFN CHUJ DW GDZQ

Your message? DWWDFN CHUJ DW GDZQ
Encoding key? -3
ATTACK ZERG AT DAWN

ConvertToAlt

Write a function named convertToAltCaps that accepts a string as a parameter and returns a version of the string where alternating letters are uppercase and lowercase, starting with the first letter in lowercase. For example, the call of convertToAltCaps(“Pikachu”) should return “pIkAcHu”.

The first letter must be a lower case.

Example:

convertToAltCaps("Pikachu") ===> "pIkAcHu"

Count words

Write a function countWords that computes the number of **words`88 in a given string.

A word is a succession of characters that are not spaces.

Example

auto v = countWords("What is your name?") =====> v=4

IsAllVowels

Write a function that verifies if all the characters of a string a vowels.

A vowels is character in the set a,e,i,o,u.

Example

isAllVowels("eiEIo") ====> true
isAllVowels("banana" ====> false

Vectors

Banish

We will consider the following exercice Banish where we are asked to write a function banish which receives a two raw vectors \(a_1\) et \(a_2\) and their size.

The function should remove each entry in \(a_1\) that exists in \(a_2\).

An element is deleted by remove all the right element by one place and adding a \(0\) in the last place.

For example

int a1[] = {42, 3, 9, 42, 42, 0, 42, 9, 42, 42, 17, 8, 2222, 4, 9, 0, 1};

int a2[] = {42, 2222, 9};

banish(a1, 17, a2, 3);

After the call \(a_1\) will be:

a_1 = {3, 0, 17, 8, 4, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}

Histogram

The goal of the Histogram exercise is to write a function histogram that accepts a reference to a array of integers.

The range of each integers is \([0,49]\).

This function should print an histogram of those values grouped in \(\mathbf{10}\) bins. For example if we receive the array \(\{48, 20, 31, 49, 35, 45, 33, 26, 48, 32, 19\}\), the function must print:

0's : {}
10's : {19}
20's : {20, 26}
30's : {31, 35, 33, 32}
40's : {48, 49, 45, 48}

Flatten

In the Flatten, we ask to write a function that receives a matrix and convert it into a flatten vector. The elements of this matrix must be processed Row by Row.

For example if we call the function with the following matrix:

\[\begin{pmatrix} 3 & 8 & 12\\ 2 & 9 & 17\\ 43 & -8 & 46\\ 203 & 14 & 97 \end{pmatrix}\]

We will get the

\(V=(3, 8, 12, 2, 9, 17, 43, -8, 46, 203, 14, 97)\).